Can Storage-Discharge Hysteresis Be Explained Within the Watershed Boundary: An Experimental Design at Rum River Watershed and Wild Rice River Watershed, MN

Spatial-temporal distribution of water storage has a strong relationship with the total discharge from the designated watershed. To apply the distribution of water storage to improve the existing rainfall-runoff model, we have to analyze storage-discharge hysteresis, caused by heterogeneous soil characteristics. My work will use two methods to study hysteresis: calculating the hysteresis index based on the intervals of or rising and falling limb, and method based on water retention curves that interpreted hysteresis relation between the water content (θ) and the soil water potential (ψ), to analyze the hysteresis between unbiased water storage and discharge, simulated by Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF), from Rum River Watershed (1/2/1995 ~ 1/1/2015) and Wild Rice River Watershed (1/2/1995 ~ 1/1/2010), Minnesota, USA. This research aims to (a) establish the method to analyze the storage-discharge hysteresis based on the water retention curve (b)compare the relation between storage-discharge dynamics (c) assess the hysteresis index that reflects the variability of storage-discharge dynamics and (d) evaluate the potential for the analysis of storage-discharge hysteresis to improve the existing streamflow prediction models based on knowledge-guided machine learning (KGML).